Chevrolet Spark

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Chevrolet Spark


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Chevrolet Spark
Chevrolet Spark LS+ 1.2 – Frontansicht, 26. Juni 2011, Mettmann.jpg
Manufacturer GM Korea
Production 1998–present
Predecessor Daewoo Tico
Class City car
Body style 5-door hatchback
Layout FF layout
The Chevrolet Spark, originally branded prominently as the Daewoo Matiz, is a city car produced by the South Korean automaker GM Korea, marketed worldwide since 1998 when it replaced the Daewoo Tico. The Matiz was originally designed by Italdesign Giugiaro and has been available solely as a five-door hatchback. The second generation model was introduced in 2005, with the third generation launched in 2010. All generations of the car have been sold under both Daewoo and various General Motors brands, and have been manufactured and marketed under license agreements by local automakers in several countries.
An all-electric version, the Chevolet Spark EV, was released in the U.S. in selected markets in California and Oregon in June 2013. The Spark EV is the first all-electric passenger car marketed by General Motors since the EV1 was discontinued in 1999.[1][2]

Contents

  • 1 First generation (1998–)
    • 1.1 M100 (1998–2001)
    • 1.2 Copying controversy
    • 1.3 M150 (2000–2005)
    • 1.4 Lechi
    • 1.5 Safety
    • 1.6 Engine
  • 2 Second generation (2005–2009)
    • 2.1 Safety
    • 2.2 Engine
  • 3 Third generation (2010–present)
    • 3.1 Concept
    • 3.2 Production
    • 3.3 Beat diesel
    • 3.4 Regional variations
    • 3.5 Safety
    • 3.6 Engines
    • 3.7 In popular culture
  • 4 Spark EV
  • 5 Global marketing and manufacture
    • 5.1 Asia
    • 5.2 Europe
    • 5.3 The Americas
    • 5.4 Africa
    • 5.5 Middle East
  • 6 References
  • 7 External links

First generation (1998–)

First generation (M100 & M150)
Daewoo Matiz front 20080320.jpg
Also called Daewoo Matiz, Matiz II
Baojun Lechi (China)
Chevrolet Exclusive
Chevrolet Joy
Chevrolet Lechi (China)
Chevrolet Matiz
Chevrolet Spark
UzDaewoo Matiz
Formosa Matiz (Taiwan)[3]
FSO Matiz
Pontiac G2
Pontiac Matiz
Chevrolet Taxi 7:24 Chronos[citation needed]
Production 1998–2004 (Matiz M100)
2000–present (Matiz M150)
Assembly Changwon, South Korea
Asaka, Uzbekistan (UzDaewoo)
Warsaw, Poland (FSO)[4]
Craiova, Romania (Rodae)
Hanoi, Vietnam (VIDAMCO)
Halol, Gujarat, India (GM India)
Karachi, Pakistan
Taipei, Taiwan[5]
Body style 5-door hatchback
5-door panel van
Engine 0.8 L S-TEC I3 petrol
1.0 L S-TEC I4 petrol
Transmission 5-speed manual
Wheelbase 2,340 mm (92.1 in)
Length 3,495 mm (137.6 in)
Width 1,495 mm (58.9 in)
Height 1,485 mm (58.5 in)
Related Italdesign Lucciola
Designer(s) Giorgetto Giugiaro (M100)

M100 (1998–2001)

The production of Daewoo Matiz started in 1998 and it was sold in South Korea and many European markets with the code name M100. The exterior design is based on the Lucciola, a Fiat Cinquecento concept by Italdesign Giugiaro[6] which had been rejected by Fiat. The 0.8-litre gasoline engine and the transmission were carryovers from the Daewoo Tico. Engineering was carried out at Daewoo's Worthing Technical Centre in England. The car became the best selling Daewoo model in Europe and in India for the next four years.[citation needed]
The Matiz was originally launched with just a 0.8 L straight-three engine. This engine was developed from the Tico unit by Tickford, a UK company based in Milton Keynes. The Tickford connection was acknowledged in the brochures distributed in UK showrooms.

Copying controversy

The Chery QQ became the center of an industrial copyright and intellectual rights controversy, as General Motors claimed the car was a copy of the Daewoo Matiz. GM executives demonstrated the extent of the design duplication, noting for example that the doors of the QQ and those of the Spark are interchangeable[7] without modification.
GM China Group indicated the two vehicles "shared remarkably identical body structure, exterior design, interior design and key components"[7] MotorAuthority.com[8] and Car and Driver called the QQ a "carbon copy", while the International Herald Tribune, in a 2005 article, referred to it as a clone.[9]
The Detroit News reported that "the dispute reflects the confusion, risks and ambitions in China's new auto industry, where global carmakers are battling pugnacious upstarts for a piece of what may become the world's largest auto market."[10]
The ZAP Xebra was a similar intellectual property violation by another Chinese carmaker. As the Xebra was sold in the US, which protects intellectual property rights, GM was able to sue to stop its importation.[citation needed]

M150 (2000–2005)


Facelifted M150-series Daewoo Matiz
This facelift was designed at Daewoo's Worthing Technical Centre in England and introduced in South Korea in late 2000, and exported from 2001. The front-end structure was modified to accommodate a four-cylinder engine, although the introduction of this engine, the 1.0-litre S-Tec unit, was delayed until after Daewoo's takeover by General Motors in 2002.
M150 is still produced by UzDaewooAuto in Uzbekistan. In South Korea and Japan this updated Matiz was sold under the name Daewoo Matiz II.

)

Lechi

In China the car was sold as the Chevrolet Lechi. It remained in production until 2012, when an updated version was introduced as the Baojun Lechi. It is to be offered under both Chevrolet and Baojun brands during a transition period.[11] The Lechi has also received certain powertrain updates, making the car economical enough to qualify for a subsidy and a tax break from the Chinese government.[11]

Safety

Euro NCAP test results for a RHD, 5-door hatchback variant on a 2000 registration:
Test[12] Score Points
Overall: N/A N/A
Adult occupant: 3/5 stars 19
Child occupant: N/A N/A
Pedestrian: 2/4 stars 15
Safety assist: N/A N/A

Engine

Petrol engine
Model Engine Displacement Power Torque 0–100 km/h Top speed Note CO2 emission (g/km)
0.8 I3 796 cc 51 PS (38 kW; 50 hp) 69 N·m (51 lb·ft) @4200 rpm 17.0 s 144 km/h (89 mph)
161
1.0 I4 995 cc 63 PS (46 kW; 62 hp) 87 N·m (64 lb·ft) @4300 rpm 14.2 s 155 km/h (96 mph) introduced in 2002 157

Second generation (2005–2009)

Second generation (M200 & M250)
Chevrolet Matiz SE front.jpg
Chevrolet Matiz M200
Also called Daewoo Matiz Classic (South Korea)
Chevrolet Matiz
Chevrolet Matiz Eco Logic (Italy)
Chevrolet Taxi 7:24 Chronos
Chevrolet Spark
Chevrolet Joy
Pontiac Matiz G2
Pontiac Matiz
FSO Matiz
Production 2005–2007 (Matiz M200)
2007–present (Matiz M250)
Assembly Changwon, South Korea
Karachi, Pakistan
Halol, Gujarat, India (GM India)
Hanoi, Vietnam (VIDAMCO)
Bogotá, Colombia (GM Columbia)
Body style 5-door hatchback
Engine 0.8L S-TEC I3 petrol
1.0L S-TEC I4 petrol
Transmission 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
Wheelbase 2,345 mm (92.3 in)
Length 3,495 mm (137.6 in)
Width 1,495 mm (58.9 in)
Height 1,500 mm (59.1 in)
Designer(s) Giorgetto Giugiaro (M200)
In 2005 the Matiz received substantial modifications (M200), previewed by the Chevrolet M3X concept car shown at 2004 Paris Motor Show. The upper body was significantly revised based again on a design from Italdesign Giugiaro, the S-Tec engines were updated and the car's drag coefficient was lowered, resulting in better fuel economy. The interior was also significantly revised, one notable feature of this car being its centre-mounted instrument cluster. The platform was also revised, with a twist-beam rear suspension system replacing the previous 3-link beam axle, and the front suspension making use of cast, rather than pressed and fabricated, lower control arms.

Daewoo Matiz M250

M200 centrally mounted dashboard console
In 2008, the 800cc engine was revised to fall below the 120g/km level, thus qualifying for the UK's £35 road tax band and no London congestion charge.
In Europe it was sold under the names Chevrolet Matiz and Chevrolet Spark. In Italy there was an LPG version called Chevrolet Matiz Eco Logic. The Matiz Eco Logic was built from 2007 to 2010 in over 60,000 vehicles by BRC Gas Equipment in Cherasco, Cuneo (Italy).
In South Korea, where it was sold only with a 800 cc engine and following the introduction of M300 Matiz (Matiz Creative), the M200 Matiz was renamed to Matiz Classic.
It was sold in over 2.3 million units worldwide during the first 10 years of production.[13]
As of 2011, VIDAMCO of Vietnam produces the Matiz M200 as the Chevrolet Spark Lite in complete knock-down (CKD) form at its Hanoi production facility.[14]
Chevrolet Spark LPG was a version for the Indian market with Sequential Injection-type LPG kit. Available models include 1.0L LS and 1.0L LT. The car was unveiled on World Environment Day in New Delhi.
Chevrolet Spark Muzic Special Edition (2009–) was a version of Chevrolet Spark for the Indian market.

Safety

Euro NCAP test results for a 5-door hatchback variant on a 2005 registration:
Test[15] Score Points
Overall: N/A N/A
Adult occupant: 2.5/5 stars 17
Child occupant: 3/5 stars 30
Pedestrian: 2/4 stars 13
Safety assist: N/A N/A

Engine

Petrol engine
Model Engine Displacement Power Torque 0–100 km/h Top speed Note CO2 emission (g/km)
0.8 I3 796 cc 52 PS (38 kW; 51 hp) 72 N·m (53 lb·ft) @4400 rpm 18.2 s 145 km/h (90 mph)
123
1.0 I4 995 cc 66 PS (49 kW; 65 hp) 91 N·m (67 lb·ft) @4200 rpm 14.1 s 156 km/h (97 mph)
133

Third generation (2010–present)

Third generation (M300)
Chevrolet Spark 1.2 LS+ front-1 20100606.jpg
Also called Daewoo Matiz Creative (South Korea)
Chevrolet Spark (North America, Europe, Middle East, and South Korea)
Chevrolet Spark GT (Chile, Ecuador and Colombia)
Chevrolet Beat (India)
Holden Barina Spark (Australia)
Production 2010–present
Assembly Changwon, South Korea (GM Korea)
Talegaon, Maharashtra, India (GM India)
Asaka, Uzbekistan (GM Uzbekistan)
Bogotá, Colombia (GM Colombia)
Hanoi, Vietnam (GM Vietnam)
Body style 5-door hatchback
Platform Global Small Vehicles
Engine 995 cc S-TEC II I4
1,199 cc Smartech II I4 (India)
1,206 cc S-TEC II I4
1,249 cc LL0 I4 (US)
936 cc TCDi I3 diesel (India)
Transmission 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
Wheelbase 2,375 mm (93.5 in)
Length 2009–2011: 3,640 mm (143.3 in)
2012–present: 3,675 mm (144.7 in)
Width 1,597 mm (62.9 in)
Height 2009–2011: 1,551 mm (61.1 in)
2012–present: 1,549 mm (61.0 in)
Curb weight Minimum: 2,350 lb (1,065.9 kg)
Maximum: 2,400 lb (1,088.6 kg)
Designer(s) Taewan Kim[16]
The redesigned Matiz (codenamed M300) was launched in 2009 and is based on the 2007 Chevrolet Beat concept car. Although sold globally as the Chevrolet Spark, in India this model retains the Beat name from the concept car, as the second generation Spark continues to be sold in this market. Prior to the 2011 elimination of the Daewoo marque in South Korea, the third generation Spark was marketed as the Daewoo Matiz Creative.[17]

Concept


Chevrolet Beat concept
The Chevrolet Beat was unveiled at the 2007 New York International Auto Show alongside two other concept vehicles, the Trax and the Groove. The Beat is a front-drive, three-door hatchback concept, derived from the Daewoo Kalos. It was built in India, and designed by GM Daewoo in South Korea. It is powered by a 1.2 L turbocharged gasoline engine mated to an automatic transmission.[18]
The Beat concept sports a Vertigo Green exterior paint job with the same hue carried over to parts of the interior. Its profile is high at the rear and tapering down evenly to the front of the grille. Headlights that appear to extend all the way from the base of the grille to the base of the windshield are LED-type. Oversize 17 inch wheels barely hide the matching green paint of disc brakes. Twin taillights that extend upward to the back-up lights are also LEDs.
In early 2007, GM conducted a poll testing the relative popularity of the Beat, Trax and Groove concepts on a Chevrolet website,[19] with the Beat receiving nearly 50% of the vote, which ultimately determined the car making it into production. This car was designed to appeal to young car buyers in urban markets, infusing the energy, diversity and excitement of urban life into a car that would deliver good-looking fun, fuel economy and value.
GM displayed a prototype woodie version of the forthcoming Chevrolet Spark for the 2010 Paris Motor Show.[20]

Production


Rear view
GM presented a pre-production version of the Chevrolet Beat carrying the Chevrolet Spark nameplate at the 2009 North American International Auto Show. The production version was announced at the 2009 North American International Auto Show, but only the Beat concept was shown at the time.[21] The production Chevrolet Spark was unveiled at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show.[22] It became available in Europe in the first quarter of 2010, followed by other markets worldwide, with US sales set to begin in early 2012. Commercial production of a 5-door Chevrolet Beat started from December 15, 2009, in Halol, Gujarat, India. It was launched in India on January 5, 2010, during Auto Expo New Delhi, India.
The GM Daewoo Matiz version was unveiled in Seoul Motor Show 2009.[23]
The Holden version, named Barina Spark, was revealed at the 2010 Australian International Motor Show in Sydney in October.
With M300, the original Suzuki platform was replaced by GM Global Small Vehicles platform, developed by GM Daewoo engineers.
In North America, the Spark was first delivered to GM dealerships in Mexico for the 2012 model year, replacing the Chevrolet Matiz (formerly Pontiac G2 Matiz). The United States version of the 2013 Chevrolet Spark went into production on April 16, 2012, and will be starting to arrive in dealerships beginning in August 2012.
Reported by Edmunds.com the 2013 Spark was the fastest selling car in the United States for July 2012, with just 6 days from when they arrived at dealers to when they were sold.[24]

Beat diesel

General Motors has launched the diesel version of Chevrolet Beat in the Indian auto market on July 25, 2011.[25] The 3-cylinder, 936 cc turbodiesel engine produces 62.5 PS and 160.26 Nm of torque, resulting in good acceleration and pick up. The 1.0 L, 936 cc diesel engine enables the car to cross the 100 kmph in 16 seconds and reach a top speed of 143 kmph. Chevrolet Beat Diesel offers mileage of 24 kmpl (56 mpg) as per the ARAI (Automotive Research Association of India) test reports. The engine is based on the Fiat Multijet diesel technology.[26]

Regional variations


A Holden Barina Spark at the 2010 Australian International Motor Show.
  • Europe: Engine choices include 1.0 and 1.2-litre I4 engines. In Italy there exists a variant of the Spark called the Chevrolet Spark Eco Logic that was built by BRC Gas Equipment from the end of 2009. This low emission version has a dual power LPG engine 1.0 and 1.2 16V with 113 to 119 g of CO2 emission.
  • Australia: the Spark was released in October 2010 as the Holden Barina Spark. It comes in two guises; CD and CDX.
  • Uzbekistan: Chevrolet Spark was released on August 26, 2010. It comes in three trim levels: L (1.0L MT), LS (1.0L MT/AT) and LT (1.2L MT).

Safety

Euro NCAP test results
Chevrolet Spark (2009)
Test Points %
Overall: 4 /5 stars
Adult occupant: 19 81%
Child occupant: 38 78%
Pedestrian: 16 43%
Safety assist: 3 43%

Engines

Model Engine Displacement Power Torque 0–100 km/h Top speed Note CO2 emission (g/km)
Petrol engines
1.0 I4 995 cc 68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp) @6400 rpm 93 N·m (69 lb·ft) @4800 rpm 15.5 s 96 mph (154 km/h)
119
1.2 I4 1206 cc 81 PS (60 kW; 80 hp) @6400 rpm 111 N·m (82 lb·ft) @4800 rpm 12.1 s 102 mph (164 km/h)
119
1.2 I4 1199 cc 80.5 PS (59.2 kW; 79.4 hp) @6200 rpm 108 N·m (80 lb·ft) @4400 rpm

India only
1.2 I4 1249 cc 84 hp (62.5 kW) @6400 rpm 112 N·m (83 lb·ft) @4400 rpm 11.3 s
North America
LPG engines
1.2 I4 1199 cc 80.04 PS (58.87 kW; 78.95 hp) @6400 rpm 104 N·m (77 lb·ft) @4400 rpm

India only
Diesel engine
1.0 I3 936 cc 62.5 PS (46.0 kW; 61.6 hp) 150 N·m (111 lb·ft) @1750 rpm

India only; introduced in 2011

In popular culture

Spark EV

Chevrolet Spark EV
2013-03-05 Geneva Motor Show 7862.JPG
Manufacturer Chevrolet division of General Motors
Production 2013-present
Body style 2-door hatchback
Electric motor 130 bhp (97 kW) electric[31]
Battery 21.3 kWh nanophosphate lithium-ion battery[32]
Electric range 82 mi (132 km) (EPA)[33]
Wheelbase 2,370 mm (93.5 in)[31]
Length 3,720 mm (146.5 in)[31]
Width 1,600 mm (64 in)[31]
Curb weight 2,989 lb (1,356 kg)[31]
Related Third generation Chevrolet Spark/Beat
In October 2011, General Motors announced the production of the Chevrolet Spark EV, an all-electric version of the third generation Chevrolet Spark, with availability limited to select U.S. and global markets. In October 2012, GM Korea announced it will start making and selling the Spark EV domestically in 2013.[34] The production version was unveiled at the 2012 Los Angeles Auto Show.[35] Within the framework of GM's vehicle electrification strategy,[36] the Spark EV is the first all-electric passenger car marketed by General Motors in the U.S. since the EV1 was discontinued in 1999.[1] The Spark EV was released in the U.S. in selected markets in California and Oregon in June 2013.[2] GM also plans to sell the Spark EV in limited quantities in Canada, South Korea and select European markets.[37][38]

Specifications
The electric car is powered by a nanophosphate lithium-ion battery pack supplied by A123 Systems,[1][39] and an electric motor with specs originally given as a peak power of 85 kW (114 hp) and sustained power of 56 kW (75 hp).[40] The production version features an 130 hp (97 kW) motor, providing 400 lb-ft of torque, powered by a 21.3 kWh lithium-ion battery pack.[32][41] The Spark EV can be fast-charged to 80% of capacity in 20 minutes using an optional connector, and charging time increases to about seven hours using a dedicated 240-volt line.[35]
Design of the Spark EV considered feedback from participants in Chevrolet’s electric vehicle demonstration fleets in India (Beat EV), Shanghai (Sail EV), and Korea (Cruze EV).[1][39] The Chevrolet Beat EV was presented by General Motors in India in November 2011. The electric version uses the same glider as the conventional petrol and diesel-powered Beat. The Beat EV is powered by a 300 cell lithium-ion battery with a total energy capacity of about 20 kWh. The battery weighs 270 kg (600 lb) and has an estimated all-electric range of 130 km (81 mi) under normal driving conditions. The liquid-cooled battery can be charged from 240V domestic electrical sockets and can be operated at temperatures ranging from -20°C to 45°C. The car also has a regenerative braking system.[42]
The Spark EV uses the same electric power technology developed and proven in the Chevrolet Volt, and incorporates several systems from the plug-in hybrid, including some of its gauges and driver interface.[32][43]

EPA ratings

Former U.S Secretary of Energy Steven Chu discusses the features of the 2014 Chevrolet Spark EV exhibited at the 2013 Washington Auto Show.
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency rated the 2014 Spark EV with a combined fuel economy of 119 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPG-e) (2.0 L/100 km) with an energy consumption of 28 kW-hrs/100 miles. The city rating is 128 MPG-e (1.8 L/100 km) and the highway rating is 109 MPG-e (2.2 L/100 km). The Chevy Spark EV has an EPA-certified range of 82 mi (132 km).[33]

Pricing
The 2014 Chevy Spark EV pricing in the U.S. starts at US$27,495 including the destination charge and before any applicable government incentives. Leasing starts at US$199 per month for 36 months, with US$999 due at lease signing, making the vehicle one of the most affordable electric cars on the U.S. market. A mileage charge of US$0.25 per mile is applied after 12,000 miles.[44][45]

Reception
Consumer Reports gave a favorable review to the Spark EV. According to the magazine, " the Spark EV is by far the best version of this car" and also "one of the most enjoyable electric cars we've driven and a compelling overall package."[32]

Global marketing and manufacture

 This section is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this section to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (January 2010)

Asia

Europe

  • From 1998 until 2004, the Matiz was sold in Europe under the Daewoo badge.[46] In 2004, it took the Chevrolet marque,[47] as well as the other South Korean models of General Motors, such as the Lacetti and Kalos.

The Americas


2013 Chevrolet Spark (US)
  • In Mexico, the Matiz was introduced to the market in 2003. The 2006 model was renamed to Pontiac Matiz G2. It was also sold as Pontiac Matiz and Pontiac G2. The Pontiac G2 was discontinued in Mexico after a short run of 2010 models as the brand was closed by General Motors. The new version was officially launched as the Chevrolet Spark in August 2010, and the Matiz continues to be sold alongside the Spark.
  • In Chile and Peru the former version is sold as the Chevrolet Spark, and the latest version as the Chevrolet Spark GT.

Africa

  • In South Africa, General Motors South Africa (GMSA) announced on 2 October 2010, plans to manufacture the new Chevrolet Spark at its Port Elizabeth plant. The second generation Spark is still sold, though branded as a 'Spark Lite'.

Middle East

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